Izidingo Zokwelashwa Kokushisa Kwamabhawodi Amandla Aphakeme

Amabhawodi aqine kakhulu ayizici ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zobunjiniyela, okuhlanganisa ezokwakha, ezezimoto, nezimboni ze-aerospace. Ukusebenza kwabo kuncike kakhulu enqubweni yokwelashwa kokushisa, okuthuthukisa izici zabo zemishini, njengamandla aqinile, ukuqina, nokumelana nokukhathala. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamabhawodi anamandla amakhulu kuvame ukubandakanya izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukucisha, ukuthulisa, kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi.

Ukucisha kuyisinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokwelapha ukushisa. Iamabhawodi we-hexzishiselwa ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwephuzu lazo loshintsho olubalulekile, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-850°C no-950°C, kuye ngokwakheka kwezinto. Lokhu kushisa kugcinwa isikhathi esanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwakheka okufanayo kwe-austenitic kulo lonke ibhawodi. Ngemuva kokushisa, ama-bolts apholile ngokushesha, ngokuvamile emafutheni noma emanzini, ukuze aguqule i-austenite ibe yi-martensite, i-microstructure eqinile ne-brittle. Lokhu kupholisa okusheshayo kubalulekile ekuzuzeni ubulukhuni obuphezulu namandla.

Ukushisa kulandela ukucisha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqina kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwamabhawodi. Amabhawodi ashisisa kabusha abe izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-400°C no-600°C, okuvumela i-martensite ukuthi iguquke ibe ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo okwaziwa ngokuthi i- tempered martensite. Izinga lokushisa elipholile nobude besikhathi kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi oyifunayo phakathi kwamandla nokuqina. Ukuthukuthela ngokweqile kungaholela ekulahlekelweni amandla, kuyilapho ukucasuka kancane kungase kubangele ubunzima obanele.

Ukunciphisa Ukucindezeleka kuyisinyathelo sokugcina senqubo yokwelapha ukushisa. Ngemuva kokucisha nokushisa, ukucindezeleka okusele kungase kube khona kuma-bolts ngenxa yokupholisa okusheshayo nokuguqulwa kwesigaba. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi kuhlanganisa ukushisisa amabhawodi ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elipholile, ngokuvamile elizungeze u-200°C ukuya ku-300°C, futhi uwabambe kuleli zinga lokushisa isikhathi esithile. Le nqubo isiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional kanye nokumelana nokukhathala kwe-amabhawodi.

Ngokungeziwe kulezi zigaba eziyinhloko, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwamabhawodi anamandla amakhulu kufanele icabangele izici ezifana nokwakheka kwezinto, usayizi webhawodi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Isibonelo, izakhi ze-alloying ezifana ne-chromium, i-molybdenum, ne-vanadium zingathuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina kwamabhawudi, okuvumela ukulawula okunembe kakhudlwana phezu kwezakhiwo zawo eziwumshini.

Sengiphetha, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwamabholithi aphezulu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebucayi ethinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwabo. Ukucisha kahle, ukuthulisa, kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhawodi ahlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zeamandla aphezuluizinhlelo zokusebenza, ezihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuthembekile nokuqina ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.