Ubuchwepheshe bangemuva:
Izinsimbi eziqinile eziphezuluzidinga ukwelashwa kokucisha kanye nokushisa ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe.Ukwelashwa kokushisa ukucisha kanye nokushisaiwukuthuthukisa izici zomshini ezibanzi zezixhumi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namandla abekiwe aqinile kanye nesilinganiso sesivuno semikhiqizo. Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa inomthelela obalulekile kukhwalithi yangaphakathi yezibophelelo ezinamandla aphezulu, ikakhulukazi ikhwalithi yazo yangaphakathi. Phakathi nenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa nokucisha, enye igesi ene-oxidizing ivamise ukungeniswa isuka ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo. Igesi ene-oxidizing izosabela ngebhawodi, ibangele ukususwa kwe-carburization ebusweni bebhawodi. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuhlukile kwendawo kanye nezakhiwo zangaphakathi, inama-coefficients ahlukene okunweba. Ngesikhathi sokucisha, kungenzeka ukuqhekeka kwendawo, kunciphise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Inqubo yendabuko yokwelapha ukushisa ibandakanya ukubeka ngokuqondile amabhawodi esithandweni sokucisha ukuze kucinywe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Phakathi nenqubo yokucisha nokushisa, izinkinga ezinjengobulukhuni obanele esimweni sokucisha, ubulukhuni obungalingani esimweni sokucisha, ukuguqulwa kokucisha ngokweqile, nokuqhekeka kokucisha kujwayele ukwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kwendabuko.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe:
Ukuze kubhekwane nokushiyeka kobuchwepheshe obukhona, inhloso yokusungulwa kwamanje ukuhlinzeka ngenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwamabholithi anomphumela ongcono wokucisha, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe, nempilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo enwetshiwe.
Ukuze kuzuzwe lezi zinhloso ezingenhla, okusunguliwe kwamanje kusebenzisa isixazululo sobuchwepheshe esilandelayo:
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwamabholithi ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
I-S1. I-Dephosphorization;
S2. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa: Faka umkhiqizo esithandweni sokushisa bese ujova ngokuqhubekayo igesi ye-nitrogen enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esithandweni sokushisa. Ngemuva kokushisa kwamahora angu-2.5 kuya kwangu-3, yisuse futhi uyibeke esithandweni somlilo se-carburizing ukwelashwa kwe-carburization;
I-S3. Ukucisha: Faka umkhiqizo esithandweni somlilo bese ujova i-nitrogen ngokuqhubekayo esithandweni somlilo. Ngemuva kokujova i-nitrogen imizuzu engama-30-40, phakamisa kancane izinga lokushisa kwesithando sokucisha libe ku-460-500 ℃ futhi uyigcine imizuzu eyi-15-20 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa kokucisha; Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa kwesithando somlilo ku-550 ~ 700 ℃ futhi uyigcine imizuzu engu-20 ~ 35 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesibili sokucisha ukwelashwa; Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa lomlilo wokucisha libe ngu-750-850 ℃ futhi uligcine imizuzu engama-30-45 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesithathu sokwelashwa kokucisha;
S4. Ukupholisa amafutha: Khipha umkhiqizo ocinyiwe bese uwubeka ethangini lokuqala lamafutha okucima ukupholisa uwoyela, ugovuze njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 futhi uyigcine imizuzu engama-20-30; Ngemuva kokususwa, yibeke ethangini lesibili likawoyela wokucisha ukupholisa uwoyela, gudluza njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo libe ngu-100 ℃;
S5. Ukususwa kwamafutha: Khipha umkhiqizo opholile futhi uwuyeke ume imizuzu engu-35-45, futhi ukhiphe amafutha okucisha ebusweni bomkhiqizo ngomoya obandayo;
I-S6. I-Tempering: Faka umkhiqizo oshisiwe esithandweni sokushisa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, lungisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-110 ~ 180 ℃, futhi isikhathi sokushisa sibe amahora angu-1.5~3. Yenza isigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa kokuthulisa; Khulisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-370-410 ℃ futhi uthukuthele amahora angu-3-6 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesibili sokwelashwa kokushisa; Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuthulisa, pholisa umkhiqizo ekamelweni lokushisa.
Okungcono, esinyathelweni s1 ngenhla, ikhambi lokuhlanza liqukethe lezi zingxenye ezilandelayo ngobuningi: izingxenye ezingama-20-36 ze-butyl acetate, izingxenye eziyi-10-13 ze-polyglycolic acid, izingxenye eziyi-16-20 ze-aminoacetic acid, izingxenye eziyi-13-22 ze-ethyl acrylate, izingxenye ezingama-5-9 ze-olemine1 izingxenye zikasawoti we-triethano, ne-3-ethanolamine Izingxenye ze-18-26 zamanzi, ezingasusa ngokuphumelelayo amabala kawoyela ebusweni bomkhiqizo futhi zigweme ukuthinta umphumela wokucisha.
Okungcono kakhulu, ithangi le-dephosphorization elikhulunywe ngenhla lifakwe isisombululo se-dephosphorization, esikhetha isisombululo se-potassium hydroxide nge-concentration ye-2.2-6.5g / l noma isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ene-concentration ye-2.8-6.9g / l.
Okungcono kakhulu, esinyathelweni esishiwo ngenhla se-s2, igesi ye-nitrogen enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa elethwa esithandweni sokushisa igesi ye-nitrogen esithandweni sokucisha esinyathelweni s3, nesilinganiso sokugeleza esingu-2.5-3.5l/h. Ngokushisa umkhiqizo, isisombululo sokuhlanza ebusweni baso singomiswa futhi ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa esithandweni sokucima kungagwema ukuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ngokungcono, esinyathelweni s3 ngenhla, izinga lokugeleza kwe-nitrogen ngu-4-5l/h, elingasusa umoya esithandweni sokushisa, ligweme ukusabela kwe-oxidation phakathi komoya-mpilo nomkhiqizo, futhi kugweme ukukhishwa kwe-carburization, okungase kubangele ukwehluleka kwezibopheli ezinentambo futhi kufinyeze impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo.
Ikakhulukazi, esinyathelweni s3 ngenhla, izinga lokushisa kwesithando sokucima umlilo ngesikhathi sokushisa ukuya ku-460-500 ℃ lingu-30-40 ℃/min, izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokushisa liye ku-550-700 ℃ lingu-50-60 ℃/min, kanti izinga lokushisa liyi-05 ℃ kuya ku-5 ℃ ngesikhathi sokushisa. 70-90 ℃/min. Ukwelashwa kokucisha ukushisa kwesiteji kungathuthukisa umphumela wokucisha umkhiqizo futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Okungcono, esinyathelweni s4, izinga lokushisa likawoyela wokucisha ethangini lokuqala likawoyela wokucisha lingu-250-300 ℃, futhi izinga lokushisa likawoyela wokucisha ethangini likawoyela wokucisha lesibili ngu-50-70 ℃.
Okungcono kakhulu, esinyathelweni s5 ngenhla, izinga lokushisa lomoya obandayo lingu-30-35 ℃, futhi isivinini somoya singu-20-25m/s.
Izinzuzo zokusungulwa kwamanje ukuthi inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwebhawodi ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi inomphumela omuhle wokucisha. Ngokushisa umkhiqizo, isisombululo sokuhlanza ebusweni baso singomiswa, futhi ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa esithandweni sokucima kungagwema ukuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo; I-nitrogen ephezulu yokushisa esetshenziswa esithandweni sokushisa iphuma esithandweni sokucima, isusa idivayisi yokushisa esithandweni sokushisa, esingagcina ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza; Ukujova i-nitrogen ezithandweni zokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nezicisha kungasusa umoya ngaphakathi, kugweme ukusabela kwe-oxidation phakathi komoyampilo nomkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela kugweme ukukhishwa kwe-carburization futhi kubangele ukwehluleka kwezibophelelo ezinentambo, nokwelula impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo; Ukwelashwa kokucisha ukushisa kwesiteji kungathuthukisa umphumela wokucisha umkhiqizo futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yawo; Ukwelashwa kokupholisa uwoyela okuhleliwe kungapholisa ngempumelelo imikhiqizo enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ngaphandle kokulimaza ikhwalithi yayo.
Indlela eqondile yokusebenzisa
Okulandelayo isingeniso esiqondile sokusungulwa kwamanje ngokuhambisana nezibonelo ezithile.
Isibonelo 1
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwamabholithi ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
I-S1. I-Dephosphorization;
Isixazululo sokuhlanza siqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo ngobuningi: izingxenye ezingu-20 ze-butyl acetate, izingxenye ezingu-10 ze-polyglycolic acid, izingxenye ezingu-16 ze-aminoacetic acid, izingxenye ezingu-13 ze-ethyl acrylate, izingxenye ezingu-5 ze-oleic acid triethanolamine usawoti, izingxenye ezingu-3 ze-ethanolamine, nezingxenye ezingu-18 zamanzi; I-tank dephosphorization ifakwe isisombululo se-dephosphorization, esebenzisa isisombululo se-potassium hydroxide nge-concentration ye-2.2g / l;
S2. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa: Faka umkhiqizo esithandweni sokushisa bese ujova ngokuqhubekayo igesi ye-nitrogen enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esithandweni sokushisa. Ngemuva kokushisa kwamahora angu-2.5, yikhiphe futhi uyibeke esithandweni somlilo se-carburizing ukwelashwa kwe-carburization;
I-S3. Ukucisha: Faka umkhiqizo esithandweni sokucisha bese ujova igesi yenitrogen ngokuqhubekayo esithandweni somlilo. Izinga lokugeleza kwegesi ye-nitrogen ngu-4l/h, futhi ngemva kokujova igesi ye-nitrogen imizuzu engu-30, kancane kancane ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo libe ngu-460 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-30 ℃/min, futhi lilondoloze imizuzu engu-15 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa kokucisha; Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa kwesithando somlilo ukuya ku-550 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-50 ℃/min, futhi uyigcine imizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesibili sokwelashwa kokucisha; Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa kwesithando sokucima ukuya ku-750 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-70 ℃/min, futhi uyigcine imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesithathu sokwelashwa kokucisha;
S4. Ukupholisa uwoyela: Khipha umkhiqizo ocishiwe bese uwubeka ethangini lokuqala likawoyela lokucisha ukuze upholise uwoyela. Izinga lokushisa lamafutha okucima lingu-250 ℃, bese ugoqa njalo ngemizuzu engu-15 imizuzu engu-20; Ngemuva kokususwa, yibeke ethangini lesibili likawoyela wokucisha ukupholisa uwoyela, ngokushisa kwamafutha okucisha ku-50 ℃ bese ugoqa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo liye ku-100 ℃;
S5. Ukukhipha uwoyela: Khipha umkhiqizo opholile uwuyeke ume imizuzu engama-35. Cisha amafutha okucisha ebusweni bomkhiqizo ngomoya obandayo ezingeni lokushisa elingu-30 ℃ kanye nesivinini somoya esingu-20m/s;
I-S6. I-Tempering: Faka umkhiqizo oshisiwe esithandweni sokushisa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, lungisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-110 ℃, futhi isikhathi sokushisa sibe amahora angu-1.5. Yenza isigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa kokuthulisa; Khulisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-370 ℃, uthukuthele amahora angu-3, futhi uqhubeke nesigaba sesibili sokwelashwa kokuthulisa; Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuthulisa, pholisa umkhiqizo ekamelweni lokushisa.
Igesi ye-nitrogen enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa eyethulwe esithandweni sokushisa esingaphambili esinyathelweni s2 salokhu kufanekiselwa yigesi ye-nitrogen evela esithandweni sokucisha esinyathelweni s3, futhi izinga lokugeleza kwegesi ye-nitrogen enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ngu-2.5l/h.
Isibonelo sesi-2
Izinyathelo zenqubo kulokhu kufana komuntu ziyefana nalezo eziseSibonelweni soku-1, ngaphandle kwezimo zenqubo ethile, ezihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
I-S1. I-Dephosphorization: faka umkhiqizo emshinini wokuhlanza bese uthela isisombululo sokuhlanza kuze kube yilapho umkhiqizo ucwiliswa ngokuphelele kwisisombululo sokuhlanza. Lungisa izinga lokushisa lokuhlanza libe ngu-50 ℃ bese ugovuza njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15. Ngemuva kokuhlanza i-3h, khipha umkhiqizo bese uwufaka ethangini le-dephosphorization ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwe-dephosphorization;
Isixazululo sokuhlanza siqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo ngobuningi: izingxenye ezingu-36 ze-butyl acetate, izingxenye ezingu-13 ze-polyglycolic acid, izingxenye ezingu-20 ze-aminoacetic acid, izingxenye ezingu-22 ze-ethyl acrylate, izingxenye ezingu-9 ze-oleic acid triethanolamine usawoti, izingxenye ezingu-16 ze-ethanolamine, nezingxenye ezingu-26 zamanzi; I-tank dephosphorization ifakwe isisombululo se-dephosphorization, esikhethwa njengesisombululo se-potassium hydroxide nge-concentration ye-6.5g / l noma isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ene-concentration ye-6.9g / l;
S2. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa: Faka umkhiqizo esithandweni sokushisa bese ujova ngokuqhubekayo igesi ye-nitrogen enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esithandweni sokushisa. Ngemuva kokushisa ngaphambi kwamahora angu-3, yikhiphe futhi uyibeke esithandweni somlilo we-carburizing ukwelashwa kwe-carburization;
I-S3. Ukucisha: Faka umkhiqizo esithandweni sokucisha bese ujova igesi yenitrogen ngokuqhubekayo esithandweni somlilo. Izinga lokugeleza kwegesi ye-nitrogen ngu-5l/h, futhi ngemva kokujova igesi ye-nitrogen imizuzu engu-40, kancane kancane khulisa izinga lokushisa lesithando sokucima libe ngu-500 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-40 ℃/min, futhi lilondoloze i-20min ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa kokucisha; Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa kwesithando sokucima ukuya ku-700 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-60 ℃/min, bese ubamba imizuzu engu-35 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesibili sokwelashwa kokucisha; Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa kwesithando sokucima ukuya ku-850 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-90 ℃/min, bese ubamba imizuzu engu-45 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesithathu sokwelashwa kokucisha;
S4. Ukupholisa uwoyela: Khipha umkhiqizo ocishiwe bese uwubeka ethangini lokuqala likawoyela lokucisha ukuze upholise uwoyela. Izinga lokushisa lamafutha okucima lingu-300 ℃, bese ugoqa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 imizuzu engama-30; Ngemuva kokususwa, yibeke ethangini lesibili likawoyela wokucisha ukupholisa uwoyela, ngezinga lokushisa likawoyela wokucisha libe ngu-70 ℃ bese ugoqa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo liye ku-100 ℃;
S5. Ukukhipha uwoyela: Khipha umkhiqizo opholile uwuyeke ume imizuzu engama-45. Cisha amafutha okucisha ebusweni bomkhiqizo ngomoya obandayo ezingeni lokushisa elingu-35 ℃ kanye nesivinini somoya esingu-25m/s;
I-S6. I-Tempering: Faka umkhiqizo oshisiwe esithandweni sokushisa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, lungisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-180 ℃, futhi isikhathi sokushisa sibe amahora angu-3. Yenza isigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa kokuthulisa; Khulisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-410 ℃, uthukuthele amahora angu-6, futhi uqhubeke nesigaba sesibili sokwelashwa kokufutheka; Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuthulisa, pholisa umkhiqizo ekamelweni lokushisa.
Igesi ye-nitrogen enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu eyethulwe esithandweni sokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esinyathelweni s2 salokhu kufanekiselwa yigesi ye-nitrogen esuka esithandweni sokucisha esinyathelweni s3, enesilinganiso sokugeleza esingu-3.5l/h segesi ye-nitrogen enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Isibonelo sesi-3
Izinyathelo zenqubo kulokhu kufana komuntu ziyefana nalezo eziseSibonelweni soku-1, ngaphandle kwezimo zenqubo ethile, ezihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
I-S1. I-Dephosphorization;
Isixazululo sokuhlanza siqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo ngobuningi: izingxenye ezingu-28 ze-butyl acetate, izingxenye ezingu-12 ze-polyglycolic acid, izingxenye ezingu-18 ze-aminoacetic acid, izingxenye ezingu-18 ze-ethyl acrylate, izingxenye ezingu-7 ze-oleic acid triethanolamine usawoti, izingxenye ezingu-10 ze-ethanolamine, nezingxenye ezingu-22 zamanzi; I-tank dephosphorization ifakwe isisombululo se-dephosphorization, esikhethwa njengesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide nge-concentration ye-4.5g / l;
S2. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa: Faka umkhiqizo esithandweni sokushisa bese ujova ngokuqhubekayo igesi ye-nitrogen enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esithandweni sokushisa. Ngemuva kokushisa ngaphambi kwamahora angu-2.7, yisuse futhi uyibeke esithandweni somlilo se-carburizing ukwelashwa kwe-carburization;
I-S3. Ukucisha: Faka umkhiqizo esithandweni sokucisha bese ujova igesi yenitrogen ngokuqhubekayo esithandweni somlilo. Izinga lokugeleza kwegesi ye-nitrogen ngu-4.5l/h, futhi ngemva kokujova igesi ye-nitrogen imizuzu engu-35, kancane kancane ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo libe ngu-480 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-35 ℃/min, futhi lilondoloze imizuzu engu-18 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa kokucisha; Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa kwesithando sokucima ukuya ku-575 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-55 ℃/min, futhi uyigcine imizuzu engu-27 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesibili sokwelashwa kokucisha; Khulisa kancane izinga lokushisa kwesithando sokucima ukuya ku-800 ℃, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-80 ℃/min, futhi uyigcine imizuzu engama-38 ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesigaba sesithathu sokwelashwa kokucisha;
S4. Ukupholisa uwoyela: Khipha umkhiqizo ocishiwe bese uwubeka ethangini lokuqala likawoyela lokucisha ukuze upholise uwoyela. Izinga lokushisa lamafutha okucima lingu-275 ℃, bese ugoqa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 imizuzu engama-25; Ngemuva kokususwa, yibeke ethangini lesibili likawoyela wokucisha ukupholisa uwoyela, ngezinga lokushisa likawoyela wokucisha libe ngu-60 ℃ futhi ugovuze njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo liye ku-100 ℃;
S5. Ukukhipha uwoyela: Khipha umkhiqizo opholile uwuyeke ume imizuzu engama-40. Cisha amafutha okucisha ebusweni bomkhiqizo ngomoya obandayo, ngezinga lokushisa elingu-33 ℃ kanye nesivinini somoya esingu-22m/s;
I-S6. I-Tempering: Faka umkhiqizo oshisiwe esithandweni sokushisa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, lungisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-145 ℃, futhi isikhathi sokushisa sibe amahora angu-2.2. Yenza isigaba sokuqala sokwelashwa kokuthulisa; Phakamisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-390 ℃, uthukuthele amahora angu-4.5, futhi uqhubeke nesigaba sesibili sokwelashwa kokufutheka; Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuthulisa, pholisa umkhiqizo ekamelweni lokushisa.
I-nitrogen enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa eyethulwe esithandweni sokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esinyathelweni s2 salokhu kufanekiselwa yi-nitrogen esithandweni sokucisha esinyathelweni s3, enesilinganiso sokugeleza esingu-3l/h.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komshini
Ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlola, kungabonakala ukuthi izinga lamandla lama-bolts aphathwa ngenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa kokusungulwa kwamanje lingaphezu kwe-10.5, elihlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi.
Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa yebhawodi yokusungulwa kwamanje ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi inomphumela omuhle wokucisha. Ngokushisa umkhiqizo, isisombululo sokuhlanza ebusweni baso singomiswa, futhi ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa esithandweni sokucima kungagwema ukuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo; I-nitrogen ephezulu yokushisa esetshenziswa esithandweni sokushisa iphuma esithandweni sokucima, isusa idivayisi yokushisa esithandweni sokushisa, esingagcina ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza; Ukujova i-nitrogen ezithandweni zokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nezicisha kungasusa umoya ngaphakathi, kugweme ukusabela kwe-oxidation phakathi komoyampilo nomkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela kugweme ukukhishwa kwe-carburization futhi kubangele ukwehluleka kwezibophelelo ezinentambo, nokwelula impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo; Ukwelashwa kokucisha ukushisa kwesiteji kungathuthukisa umphumela wokucisha umkhiqizo futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yawo; Ukwelashwa kokupholisa uwoyela okuhleliwe kungapholisa ngempumelelo imikhiqizo enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa ngaphandle kokulimaza ikhwalithi yayo.
Encazelweni yalokhu kucaciswa, ireferensi yamatemu anjengokuthi “i-embodiment eyodwa”, “ezinye izifaniso”, “izibonelo”, “izibonelo ezithile”, noma “ezinye izibonelo” zisho ukuthi izici ezithile, izakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, noma izici ezichazwe ngokuhambisana ne-embodiment noma isibonelo zifakiwe okungenani ekufaniseni okukodwa noma isibonelo sokusunguliwe kwamanje. Kule ncazelo, izinkulumo zohlelo zala magama angenhla azibhekiseli ekufanekiseni noma izibonelo ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezithile, izakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, noma izici ezichazwe zingahlanganiswa ngendlela efanele kunoma isiphi isifanekiso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu noma izibonelo.
Okungenhla kubonisa futhi kuchaza izimiso eziyisisekelo, izici eziyinhloko, kanye nezinzuzo zokusungulwa kwamanje. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha kufanele baqonde ukuthi lezi zimo ezingenhla azikhawuleli nganoma iyiphi indlela ukusungulwa kwamanje, futhi noma yiziphi izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezitholakala ngokushintshwa okulinganayo noma uguquko olufanayo zingena ngaphakathi komkhakha wokuvikela okusunguliwe kwamanje.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-04-2023