Izikulufu ezincane zesithombe esikhulu: Ukuqopha ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo enqubweni yesimanje yokukhiqiza izinsimbi

Ezinkanyezini eziningi zokukhiqiza kwezimboni,ama-fastenerszifana nezinkanyezi ezingabonakali, kodwa "ziwuhlaka lwamathambo" olusekela impucuko yesimanje.Kusukela esakhiweni sensimbi samabhilidi namabhilidi kuya ekuhlanganisweni okunembayo kwezimoto zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu, kusukela ezintweni zasendlini kuya ezintweni ezisebenza emkhathini, ngemuva kwaso sonke isikulufu namantongomane, kunobuhlakani obucwebezelayo kusayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.Namuhla, ake singene eshabhu yokukhiqiza yezinsimbi futhi sembule iveli lobuchwepheshe eliyisisekelo "lezingxenye ezincane kanye nokukhiqiza okukhulu".

1. Ukwakheka kwesihloko esibandayo: "umlingo wokubumba" wensimbi

Enqubweni yokuqala yokukhiqiza i-fastener, umshini uyabhonga, umqulu wensimbi oyindilinga ubhekene nokushintshashintsha.Ngaphansi komthelela wejubane elidlulele lomshini oshisa izikhotha obandayo, intambo yensimbi ilokhu incindezelwa futhi ikhubazekile ngokusebenzisa isikhunta esineziteshi eziningi, futhi "iguqulwa" isuka ocingweni oluqondile iye ekhanda lebhawodi kanye nesibonelo somucu emizuzwaneni embalwa nje.Le nqubo "yokuguga kwepulasitiki ebandayo" ayigcini nje ngokukhuphula izinga lokusebenzisa impahla ibe ngaphezu kwama-98%, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa amandla omkhiqizo ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokusika yendabuko ngokusebenzisa ukuqondisa kahle komugqa wokugeleza okusanhlamvu.

Uma sithatha amabhawudo ehabhu lemoto njengesibonelo, ukubumba okuyi-hexagonal ekhanda kudinga ukwenziwa ngokunemba kwesiteshi okungu-3-4, futhi igebe lesikhunta lidinga ukulawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-0.02mm, okulingana no-1/4 wobubanzi bezinwele.Isihloko esibandayo se-CNC esithuthukisiwe sifakwe izinzwa zokucindezela kanye nesistimu yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa le-infrared ukuze kuqashwe ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nenqubo yokubumba ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kugwenywe izici zemishini zezinto ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile.Lo "mzabalazo oqondile" uyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe sezinsimbi zesimanje ezinokunemba okuphezulu nokungaguquguquki okuphezulu.

2. Ukwelashwa kokushisa: nika insimbi "umphefumulo wensimbi"

I-fastener blank eyakhiwe isihloko esibandayo isizongenisa ukhiye wokushintsha - ukwelashwa kokushisa.Esithandweni somlilo esilawulwa ngedijithali, izingxenye zishiswa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegesi yengxube ye-nitrogen ne-hydrogen ku-780-850 ℃: kuqala ukucisha ukuze kutholwe isakhiwo se-martensitic ukuze siqine, bese sithambisa ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokuthuthukisa ukuqina.Lokhu kucisha okushisayo kwenza ukuqina kwe-carbon steel evamile kugxume kusuka ku-HRC20 kuya ku-HRC32-39, futhi amandla aqinile anqamula umaki ongu-1000MPa.

Abaholi bomkhakha bethule uhlelo olukhaliphile lokwelapha ukushisa ukuze bakhe imodeli yenkambu yezinga lokushisa enezinhlangothi ezintathu esithandweni ngokusebenzisa i-thermocouple matrix nesithombe esishisayo se-infrared, futhi ilawule ukufana kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kuka-±5 ° C.Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu be-vacuum ion nitriding bungakha ungqimba oluminyene lwe-nitriding engu-20μm endaweni yebhawodi, ukuze ukumelana nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti samabholithi wamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle kudlule amahora angu-5000, okuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwezicelo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu.

3. Ukwenza imicu: inguquko enembile emhlabeni ongabonakali

Uchungechunge "njengomugqa wempilo" weama-fasteners, ukunemba kwayo kunquma ngokuqondile ukwethembeka koxhumano.Ekujikelezweni komshini wokugoqa wocingo olunesivinini esikhulu, i-bolt engenalutho kanye nentambo yokunemba efayo ingqubuzana ngobudlova, futhi ukugeleza kwepulasitiki kwenzeka endaweni yensimbi ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngokuphazima kweso lika-600℃, futhi ekugcineni umumo wezinyo lwentambo enohlaka olucacile kwakheka.Isizukulwane sakamuva somshini wokugoqa intambo we-CNC sishayelwa yi-servo motor, futhi iphutha le-pitch lilawulwa ku-0.01mm, lifinyelela ekunembeni kwe-DIN13 okujwayelekile kwe-6g.

Okwama-aluminium alloy fasteners ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla, inkampani isungule futhi yathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuthambisa intambo: i-nano-graphene lubricant ijovwa endaweni yokucubungula, inciphisa i-friction coefficient ngo-40% futhi igwema ama-burrs ekucubunguleni izinto ezingasindi.Lokhu "ukunakekelwa kweleveli ye-micron" kuvumela intambo ngayinye ukuthi ifinyelele ukubandakanyeka okusilika, futhi ukuhlakazwa kwe-torque coefficient ingaphansi kuka-0.05.

4. Qeda: Gqoka izikhali zobuchwepheshe

Lapho umzimba wensimbi ubunjwa, inqubo yokwelapha engaphezulu iwumboza “ngezikhali zempi” ezinemisebenzi eminingi.I-Dacromet-friendly coating line ihamba ngendlela ehlelekile, i-zinc kanye ne-aluminium flake powder ixhunywe ngokufanayo ku-atomization ye-centrifugal, futhi ukumbozwa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-8-12μm kwenziwa ngemva kokugcoba nokuphulukisa ku-300 ℃.Lesi "sembatho sensimbi" asimelani kuphela nesifutho sikasawoti amahora angu-1,000, kodwa futhi asinazo izici ze-hydrogen embrittlement, futhi sesiyisivikelo esijwayelekile samabhawodi we-chassis yemoto.

Emgqeni wokukhiqiza wezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali eziteshini eziyisisekelo ze-5G, inqubo yokuqinisa indawo eyinkimbinkimbi iyenziwa: I-2μm ye-titanium nitride coating ifakwe phezulu ngobuchwepheshe be-magnetron sputtering, ubulukhuni be-Vickers bukhuphukela ku-HV2300, i-coefficient ye-friction yehla i-0.15 ibhalansi futhi ibhalansi kahle.Lezi zivikelo ze-nanoscale ezingabonakali zichaza kabusha imingcele yokusebenza kwezixhumi.

5. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuhlakaniphile: "isikhiya sedijithali" kukhwalithi

Ku-workshop yokuhlola ehlakaniphile, zonke izibopheli kufanele ziphumelele ukuhlolwa okuqinile "komhloli wedijithali".I-CMM probe iskena ububanzi bochungechunge ngokunemba okuphindayo okungu-5μm, isistimu yokubona umshini ithwebula ukonakala okungaphezulu ngamafreyimu angama-200 ngomzuzwana, futhi umtshina wamaphutha we-ultrasonic ubheka imifantu yangaphakathi "njengodokotela wensimbi."Inkundla yedatha enkulu iqoqa idatha yokuthola ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi inani le-CPK lenqubo lizinza libe ngaphezu kuka-1.67 ngokulawulwa kwenqubo yezibalo ye-SPC.

Ifekthri ye-aerospace fastener isize yasungula uhlelo oluphelele lokulandela umjikelezo wempilo: i-laser imaka ikhodi enezinhlangothi ezimbili ekhanda lomshudo ukuze irekhode amaqoqo wezinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo zokucubungula kanye nemibiko yokuhlola.Uma isikulufu sifakwe endaweni yesathelayithi, "izakhi zofuzo zedijithali" eziphelele zingafinyelelwa ngokuskena, okuhlinzeka ngokugunyazwa kwekhwalithi yemishini ephezulu.

6. Esikhathini esizayo: I-Smart Manufacturing kanye ne-Green Revolution

Njengoba simi emngceleni we-Industrial 4.0, ukukhiqizwa kwe-fastener kunezinguquko ezinkulu."Endaweni yokusebenzela yokukhanya okumnyama" yefekthri yokuma esiFundazweni sase-Hebei, imoto ye-AGV iphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo izinto, ingalo yerobhothi ibamba ngokunembile isiqeshana somsebenzi, futhi inethiwekhi ye-5G ixhumanisa okokusebenza, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngo-30% nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-25%.Embonini eluhlaza okotshani e-Yangtze River Delta, inqubo yokuqoqa i-phosphating ithathelwe indawo ukuhlanza nge-laser, kwehliswa ukuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile ngamathani angu-5,000 ngonyaka, futhi izinga lokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza selifinyelele ku-99.3%.

Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwesilinganiso esikhulu sezinsimbi eziqinile ze-titanium alloy endizeni enkulu ye-C919 kuya esivivinyweni sezinto zokubopha ezolimo ze-magnesium alloy ezonakele, ukungqubuzana kwezinto ezintsha nezinqubo ezintsha kuvula umcabango omusha.Lezi zingxenye zensimbi, ezingamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela ububanzi, ziqinisa zonke izinyathelo zokushintshela komuntu ekukhiqizeni okusezingeni eliphezulu ngamandla esayensi nobuchwepheshe.

Isiphetho

Ukusuka ocezwini lwe-billet kuya ezingxenyeni zezimboni ezinembayo, uhambo lokukhiqiza lweama-fastenersichaza ukuhlanganiswa okujulile "kobuhlakani" kanye "nobuhlakani".Esikhathini sokuguqulwa kokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukiswa, lobu buchwepheshe bendabuko buyavuselela, busekela ulwandle lwenkanyezi lokukhiqizwa kwamaShayina ngokubambelela kwezinga lemilimitha.Ngokuzayo lapho uqinisa isikulufu, ungase uzwe ukuthi kungakanani ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhutshwa ukudalwa kwensimbi phakathi kwalawa amayintshi ayisikwele.