Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kwama-bolts anamandla aphezulu kuhlaziywa ngokugcwele

1. Ukukhethwa kwempahla: ukulungiswa okukabili kokusebenza nesigcawu

Umnyombo weIbhawodi yamandla aphezuluukusebenza kulele ekusebenzeni ngokubambisana kokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa.Okulandelayo yizixazululo zokukhetha izinto ezijwayelekile kanye namaphuzu obuchwepheshe embonini:

1. Insimbi ye-carbon alloy ephakathi: ukukhetha kokuqala kwamandla aphezulu

o Ibanga elijwayelekile: 42CrMo, 35CrMoA, 40Cr nezinye izinto ezinokuqina okuphezulu nekhono lokulinganisa lokuqina, iba ukukhetha kwamabholithi ekilasi elingu-10.9 no-12.9, afaneleka kakhulu amandla omoya, amandla enuzi nezinye izimo zomthwalo osindayo.

o Izidingo zokuqina: Impahla kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-90% yesigaba esicinyiwe siyisakhiwo se-martensitic, ukugwema ukwakheka okungeyona i-martensitic enhliziyweni okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla.Isibonelo, amabhawodi e-M48-M64 enziwe ngensimbi engu-42CrMoA angahlangabezana nenkomba yokusebenza engu-10.9 ngokucisha ku-840-860 ℃ futhi afudumale ku-540℃.

2. Insimbi ephansi ye-carbon alloy: kokubili amandla nokumelana nokuphuka okubambezelekile

o imele impahla: 20MnTiB, 35VB, njll. afanele amabhawudi ekilasi angu-10.9 ngaphansi kwe-M24, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-phosphorus ephansi kanye nokuhlanzeka komngcele wokusanhlamvu okuphezulu kunganciphisa ingozi yokuphuka ukubambezeleka.

3. Insimbi engagqwali: Isixazululo sezindawo ezikhethekile

o Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic (efana ne-304, 316) enokumelana nokugqwala, esetshenziswa kabanzi kubunjiniyela basolwandle kanye nemishini yamakhemikhali;Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic (efana ne-410) iyashiswa ukuze kuzuzwe izidingo zamandla aphezulu.

4. Ukulawulwa kwenhlangano yezinto ezibonakalayo

o I-spherodizing annealing pretreatment: i-medium carbon steel idinga ukushiswa kwe-isothermal ku-700℃ ukuze iguqule i-flake pearlite ibe yibhola, ithuthukise i-plasticity yesihloko esibandayo (izinga lokuwohloka lifika ku-60% -80%), futhi igweme ukuqhekeka kwesihloko esibandayo.

2. Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa: ibhalansi enembile yamandla nokuqina

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko sokunquma ukusebenza kweamabhawodi, futhi kuyadingeka ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezakhiwo zemishini ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokushisa "yokucima + ukushisa".

1. Inqubo ye-Spheroidizing annealing

o Amapharamitha wenqubo: insimbi ye-carbon steel ipholiswa kancane ngemva kokushisisa eduze nendawo ebucayi (700℃);Insimbi ye-carbon alloy iron isothermal spheroidization annealing (AC1+20-30℃ ukufudumeza, 700℃ isothermal) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kwesakhiwo.

2. Ukucisha inqubo yokwenza kahle

o Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa: Ibanga lokushisa elicishayo lensimbi ye-carbon alloy ephakathi lingu-840-870℃, njengensimbi engu-42CrMoA esebenzisa u-850-870℃ ukushisisa ingacwenga okusanhlamvu futhi ithuthukise ukujula kongqimba lokucisha.

o Ukukhetha okuphakathi kokupholisa: ukucisha uwoyela (L-AN10~L-AN32) kuyisixazululo esiyinhloko, kucatshangelwa isivinini sokupholisa kanye nokulawulwa kokuguqulwa;Amabhawodi acacisiwe amakhulu (afana ne-M30 nangaphezulu) acinywa ngesisombululo samanzi se-PAG ukugwema ukuqhekeka okucime.

3. Tempering inqubo emisha

o Ukufanisa izinga lokushisa: izinga lokushisa elipholile le-42CrMo lensimbi kufanele lilawulwe ku-500-540℃, elingakwazi kuphela ukuqeda ukucindezeleka, kodwa futhi nokugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla aqinile (≥950MPa) kanye nokuncipha kwesigaba (≥44%).

o Ukuvimbela nokulawula ukonakala: Kumabhawodi ekilasi elingu-12.9, ukupholisa amanzi noma ukupholisa uwoyela kusetshenziswa ukudlula ngokushesha indawo eshisayo engu-370-560℃ ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuqina komthelela kuhlangabezana nezinga.

4. Ukuhlola nokulawula izinga

o Izinkomba ezibalulekile: ubulukhuni (32-38HRC), amandla okubamba (≥1040MPa), ubude ngemva kokuphuka (≥8%) kanye nesakhiwo se-metallographic (i-sorbite ethukuthele + i-trace ferrite) kudingeka ihlolwe ngokuqinile.

o Ukugwema amaphutha: susa ungqimba lwe-phosphorus polarization (umthombo obandayo nowohlokayo) kanye nongqimba lwe-decarburization (isizathu esiyinhloko sobulukhuni obanele), futhi uzuze "i-zero oxidation" ebusweni ngokuqhubekayo kokulawulwa kwe-mesh ibhande lokuvikela isithando somlilo.

3. amaphuzu ezinhlungu embonini kanye nempumelelo yendawo

1. Ibhodlela lezobuchwepheshe

o Amabhawodi ekilasi elingu-12.9 ancike ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe: ngenxa yokungahlanzeki kwempahla enganele (okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-P, i-S) kanye nenqubo yokushisa engazinzile, imikhiqizo yasekhaya inegebe kukuqina komthelela kanye nokubambezeleka kokumelana nokuphuka uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo evela kwamanye amazwe.

2. Inqubekelaphambili yendawo

o Ukuphumelela kwebhawodi elicacisiwe elikhulu: Ngokulungiselela izinga lokushisa lokucisha (850-870 ℃) namapharamitha wokufudumeza (500℃×180min) wensimbi engu-35CrMoA, amabhizinisi afana neShuihui Jiangtianbao Industrial abone ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba ye-M30-M36 bolts 10.9.

o Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo: Yethula isimo esilawulwayo somugqa wokwelapha ukushisa okuqhubekayo, lawula ngokunembile ukujula kongqimba lwe-decarburization (≤0.02mm), futhi uthuthukise ukuvumelana komkhiqizo.

4. Isitayela esizayo: idrayivu enamasondo amabili ehlakaniphile nokusebenza okuphezulu

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokusebenza kwebhawodi emkhakheni wezinto ezintsha zamandla kanye ne-aerospace, imboni isheshisa ukuvela kwayo ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Ubuhlakani benqubo: uhlelo lokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela semingcele yokwelapha ukushisa okusekelwe ku-inthanethi Yezinto ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawula okunembile kobubanzi bokuguquguquka kokuqina ≤2HRC;

• Izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu: Ukuthuthukiswa kwensimbi ye-low-alloy ultra-high amandla (njenge-40CrNiMoA), umthelela oqondiwe usebenza ≥60J (-40℃), ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwenziwa kwasendaweni okuphelele kwamabhawodi angu-12.9.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha impahla kanye nokwelashwa ukushisaamabhawodi aphezulu"ubuchwepheshe bompetha obufihlekile" emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ukunemba, okudinga ukuklanywa kwenqubo yesayensi neqinile, kodwa futhi kuncike ekusungulweni okusha okuhlanganyelwe kwalo lonke uchungechunge lwezinto zokwakha, okokusebenza kanye nokuhlola.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamabhizinisi asekhaya enqubweni eyinhloko, "amabhawodi anamandla amakhulu" enziwe e-China asuka "esisebenzisekayo" aye "ekulula ukuwasebenzisa" futhi "ahlala isikhathi eside", enikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokuzimela kwemishini ephezulu.